TRIZ - Problems and Contradictions

Published

January 14, 2021

Modified

July 29, 2025

Image by Etienne Girardet on Unsplash

Image by Etienne Girardet on Unsplash

Introduction

Let us take our first step into the world of TRIZ. What did you think of immediately when you saw the first picture on this page?

In TRIZ, the fundamental way of looking at an Inventive Design Problem is to discover and propose Contradictions. These are rendered in as simple and stark a language as possible…the starker the better!

Once we have our Contradiction (and there can be more than one in a given Design Situation !) we can use TRIZ Principles to solve them WITHOUT COMPROMISE.

What sort of Contradictions do we see in these familiar objects? What is good and what is not so good? Could that be the source of a problem to solve?

Some Everyday Objects for us to Contemplate

Image by Etienne Girardet on Unsplash

Image by Etienne Girardet on Unsplash

Image by Etienne Girardet on Unsplash

Contemplate and note down for each Object:

  • What is the Object meant to do? What is its Main Purpose?

  • What are the other Accompanying Objects that it works with?

  • What is One Aspect, or Parameter, or Knob for each of the Objects that you have listed, that makes the Object useful?

  • What are the current Settings/Values for each Knob?

  • Change the Setting of Each Knob to its natural opposite extreme. What Happens? Is it a good thing? When?

  • You will see that in many cases, each Knob creates a Certain Outcome at one Setting and another Outcome at the Opposite Setting.

  • Are both Outcomes desirable? Do you want “eat your cake and have it too?”

  • This could be the source of your PROBLEM / CONTRADICTION !!

In TRIZ, this way of expressing a Problem as a simple Contradiction is referred to as stating an ADMINISTRATIVE CONTRADICTION (AC). (Oh those Russians…).

Later we will use our experience with making metaphors to convert the AC into a more TRIZ-like Contradiction, using TRIZ language.

Let us now consider some examples first and then get some practice at setting up simple AC:

Some Example Contradictions…

We see them everywhere….if one is observant!! Let’s see a few:

C1: Contradiction-1

How is this for a Contradiction? A shelf in a supermarket carries this placard for a shelf of FRESH JUICE:

C2: Contradiction-2

Here is another:

C3: Contradiction-3

Snails want to stay safe, and there is safety on the ground, but the ground is too hot. On the Ground, a Snail can be by itself, above the ground, they become visible to predators.

So…they need to group together.

C4: Contradiction-4

Most people’s healthcare is tied to their job….Therefore, every corona-time layoff creates yet another person without health insurance in this country. (The Corona Pandemic needs healthcare and therefore health Insurance.)

This outbreak is highlighting, with extreme clarity, every major contradiction of this society and its decaying social order. https://t.co/EtSUY3pPMi
— Revolutionary Left Radio (@RevLeftRadio)

Contradictory Situations

We don’t contemplate only objects at all times; indeed, as designers/artists/creators, we want to be able to make objects. What we more commonly contemplate is a situation.

How does one figure Parameters/Aspects/Knobs on situations?

We use what is called an Ishikawa Fishbone Diagram. There are many versions of this diagram depending upon the DOMAIN it is applied in; it should be considered more as a process for thinking. You should search for other forms of this diagram and quickly learn to apply them.

Important

Deciding which are the Knobs that matter, and how they effect the outcome is not always this simple. It would typically involve research using structured experimentation to determine the effects of turning the knobs and deciding which ones matter. This experimentation lies within a DOMAIN called [Design of Experiments].

Documenting the Administrative Contradiction

You can document your analysis of the Situation using the following questionnaire 5W+H format:

  1. What does the problem seem to be?

  2. Who has the problem?

    • (Think Knobs!!)

  3. When does the problem occur? All the time? Under certain circumstances?

  4. Where does the problem occur?

  5. Why does the problem occur?

  6. How does the problem occur?

NOTE: This process should remind you of our exercise on the Guilford and Wallach-Kogan Divergent Thinking Game, except that this is of course more structured method, whereas that was simple brainstorming.

With this method you should be able to state an Administrative Contradiction in the following (loose!) sentence structure — Items in < > come from the Ishikawa and your 5W + H questions):

When we, as < WHO / MANPOWER >, attempt to perform < HOW / METHOD > during <WHEN> on < WHERE / MACHINERY / KNOB>, we improve <EFFECT>, but lose out on <negative EFFECT>.

Let’s see this method in action. The Domain of work may not be ours, but the context should be clear enough!


Let us now apply these ideas to examine the following challenges below.

Contradiction Challenges

  1. Challenge #1: Web and PDF

  2. Challenge #2: Web and PDF

  3. Challenge #3: Web and PDF

  4. Challenge #4: Web and PDF

Additional Readings

Do glance through these articles and try to form a “contradiction mentality” about things around you:

  1. Ellen Domb (1997). How to Help TRIZ Beginners Succeed. https://www.metodolog.ru/triz-journal/archives/1997/04/a/index.html

  2. https://www.bbc.com/worklife/article/20201109-why-the-paradox-mindset-is-the-key-to-success

  3. https://hbr.org/2008/06/the-contradictions-that-drive-toyotas-success

  4. Open Source TRIZ: Contradiction Challenges! https://www.opensourcetriz.com/images/1_OpenSourceTRIZ_Pictures/1.1_Teaching_Materials/01_Contradictions_Exercises_Actual.pdf

  5. https://taproot.com/whats-wrong-with-5-whys-complete-article/</u

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